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Mommy, can we get a Christmas tree? Asked me my then-4 year old son.

Seemingly a simple question, but I’ve been dreading it since my son was born.

I was born and raised in Israel. As a kid, I used to watch on TV the Christians arriving at their churches in Jerusalem and Bethlehem for services. That was the only exposure to Christmas I had in Israel. No Christmas tree, no presents, no Santa Clause… when I came to the US in my early twenties, I was astonished and amazed as I went through the Holiday season. Nothing I had known before had prepared me for it. The constant flow of chocolates and cookies at the insurance company I used to work for, the shopping craze, the parties, the colorful displays of Christmas trees everywhere, Santa clause in every store, and of course the “camaraderie” atmosphere of everyone around me. Everybody celebrated Christmas. Or at least so it seemed. It was everywhere. You couldn’t avoid it. You couldn’t hide from it. But at the same time – I couldn’t participate in all of it either. I did go to a party or two but still, it just wasn’t my holiday. I went through different stages over the years. At first I felt extremely uneasy when people said to me “Merry Christmas”. Everybody just assumed, or took it for granted, that you’re “one of them” – either Christian or Catholic or any other denomination that celebrated the birth of Jesus.

I felt the need to “fight back” – or I would be betraying myself, my parents, my identity. I used to reply – “I’m Jewish, I don’t celebrate Christmas” and watch their expression turned into amazement mixed with pity as they mumbled: “oh, sorry…” as if it had never occurred to them that there are people who didn’t celebrate Christmas. I always thought they felt sorry for me for not celebrating Christmas – almost like a flicker of a thought went through their mind of what would their lives be without Christmas. An unbearable thought… And then there

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IMPACTS OF CHRISTIANITY ON THE NYISHIS:

A CASE STUDY ON HIYA VILLAGE: KURUNG KUMEY DISTRICT, ARUNACHAL PRADESH

INTRODUCTION

          Rapid religious change is gradually occurring in the Hiya village in the recent years. Three Christian prayer Churches— a Baptist, a Catholic, and a more recently constructed a Revivalist —already exist in Hiya village, a largest village of Kurung Kumey District. Despite small population size of Christianity in Hiya village in mid 1980s, when Christianity was first introduced into the village, conversion has increased. This has also led in the present day to doubts amongst people living in Hiya village about the moral desirability of ritually interacting with Uyub (termed ‘devils’ by Christian missionaries and converts). In the village, oral historical forms of knowledge, of which shaman-priests and accomplished storytellers are the main custodians, remain robust. However, many people oscillate between Christian forms of worship and ritual engagement with Uyub. Whilst many people in village have a strong faith in the efficacy of modern medicines, incidents of human misfortune, illness, and a wide range of other phenomena are still commonly referred back to the activity of Uyub. In the event of serious or prolonged illnesses, people often take the long journey, sometimes of days, to the nearest medical facilities in Ziro and Itanagar. If medical interventions fail, people usually turn to the shaman-priests for diagnosis through divination, and ritual forms of healing.

Many who convert to Christianity develop syncretistic forms of understanding. Whilst many preachers request members of their congregations to discontinue all ritual practices, and in many cases seek to dissuade people of the power and influence of Uyub, concerns about the influence of malign and benign Uyub persist. Thus Nyishi Christians

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Childhood

Andy Warhol was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was the fourth child of Ondrej Warhola and Ulja, whose first child was born in their homeland and died before their migration to the U.S. His parents were working-class immigrants from Mik (now called Mikov), in northeastern Slovakia, then part of Austro-Hungarian Empire. Warhol’s father immigrated to the US in 1914, and his mother joined him in 1921, after the death of Andy Warhol’s grandparents. Warhol’s father worked in a coal mine. The family lived at 55 Beelen Street and later at 3252 Dawson Street in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh. The family was Byzantine Catholic and attended St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church. Andy Warhol had two older brothers, Jn and Pavol, who were born in today’s Slovakia. Pavol’s son, James Warhola, became a successful children’s book illustrator.

In third grade, Warhol had chorea, a nervous system disease that causes involuntary movements of the extremities, which is believed to be a complication of scarlet fever and causes skin pigmentation blotchiness. He became a hypochondriac, developing a fear of hospitals and doctors. Often bed-ridden as a child, he became an outcast among his school-mates and bonded strongly with his mother. At times when he was confined to bed, he drew, listened to the radio and collected pictures of movie stars around his bed. Warhol later described this period as very important in the development of his personality, skill-set and preferences.

Early career

Warhol showed early artistic talent and studied commercial art at the School of Fine Arts at Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (now Carnegie Mellon University). In 1949, he moved to New York City and began a successful career in magazine illustration and advertising. During the 1950s, he gained fame for his whimsical ink drawings